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What it is
A compression fracture occurs when a vertebral body, the main weight-bearing part of a spinal bone, collapses. Osteoporosis is a common cause. Trauma and other conditions can also weaken or fracture a vertebra.
What it feels like
- Back pain near the affected bone, often worse when standing or changing position.
- Loss of height or a more rounded posture after several fractures.
- Some fractures cause few symptoms and are found on imaging.
How it is assessed
Examination and imaging help establish the cause, stability, and age of the fracture. MRI may help identify a recent painful fracture. Bone health assessment is important when osteoporosis is suspected.
Treatment
Many stable fractures are managed with pain relief, gradual movement, and sometimes a brace. Treating osteoporosis and reducing fall risk help prevent further fractures.
Kyphoplasty may be considered for a selected painful fracture. Instability or nerve compression can require a different operation; cement treatment is not suitable for every fracture.
Seek care urgently if
- Back pain follows a major fall or collision.
- New weakness, numbness around the groin, or bladder or bowel changes develop.
Further reading
Educational information to support your consultation. The options, risks, and recovery described here may differ from your individual plan. Contact your treating team about new or changing symptoms.