# Medical image credits

These images are embedded on the surgery guides with creator, source and license links. They are sourced from openly licensed publications and Wikimedia Commons; no Mayo Clinic image is reposted.

The kyphoplasty JPEG retains its original bytes. Other files were converted to lossless WebP for web delivery, preserving their pixel dimensions and visible content. There is no cropping, relabeling or anatomical modification. ShareAlike images remain under their original CC BY-SA license; this image licensing does not license the rest of the website.

## ACDF surgery english.png

- Local file: `acdf-surgery.webp`
- Creator: Debivort
- Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ACDF_surgery_english.png
- Original asset: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/ACDF_surgery_english.png
- License: CC BY-SA 3.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
- Dimensions: 1371 × 1138
- Changes: Converted to lossless WebP; no changes to visible content.
- Attribution: ACDF surgery english.png — Debivort; CC BY-SA 3.0.
- Surgery pages: anterior-cervical-discectomy-fusion

## Blausen 0222 CervicalSpine.png

- Local file: `cervical-spine-anatomy.webp`
- Creator: BruceBlaus (Blausen Medical Communications)
- Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0222_CervicalSpine.png
- Original asset: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Blausen_0222_CervicalSpine.png
- License: CC BY 3.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- Dimensions: 768 × 1024
- Changes: Converted to lossless WebP; no changes to visible content.
- Attribution: Blausen 0222 CervicalSpine.png — BruceBlaus (Blausen Medical Communications); CC BY 3.0.
- Publication: Blausen.com staff (2014), Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014, WikiJournal of Medicine 1(2), DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2014.010.
- Surgery pages: posterior-cervical-decompression-fusion

## Figure 2: Schematic showing the device placement in laminoplasty

- Local file: `laminoplasty-plos.webp`
- Creator: Yukoh Ohara, Takeshi Hara, Alejandro A. Espinoza Orías, Satoshi Tani, Nozomu Inoue and Junichi Mizuno
- Source: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204147
- Original asset: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?download&size=large&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204147.g002
- License: CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Dimensions: 2220 × 802
- Changes: Converted to lossless WebP; no changes to visible content.
- Attribution: Figure 2: Schematic showing the device placement in laminoplasty — Yukoh Ohara, Takeshi Hara, Alejandro A. Espinoza Orías, Satoshi Tani, Nozomu Inoue and Junichi Mizuno; CC BY 4.0.
- Publication: Ohara Y, Hara T, Orías AAE, Tani S, Inoue N, Mizuno J (2018). In vitro biomechanical evaluation of a monocoque plate-spacer construct for cervical open-door laminoplasty. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0204147. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204147. Figure 2.
- Surgery pages: cervical-laminoplasty

## Blausen 0484 HerniatedLumbarDisc.png

- Local file: `lumbar-disc-herniation.webp`
- Creator: BruceBlaus (Blausen Medical Communications)
- Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0484_HerniatedLumbarDisc.png
- Original asset: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Blausen_0484_HerniatedLumbarDisc.png
- License: CC BY 3.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- Dimensions: 1500 × 1500
- Changes: Converted to lossless WebP; no changes to visible content.
- Attribution: Blausen 0484 HerniatedLumbarDisc.png — BruceBlaus (Blausen Medical Communications); CC BY 3.0.
- Publication: Blausen.com staff (2014), Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014, WikiJournal of Medicine 1(2), DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2014.010.
- Surgery pages: microdiscectomy, endoscopic-spine-surgery

## Instrumentation Surgery Posterior.png

- Local file: `instrumentation-posterior-lumbar.webp`
- Creator: BruceBlaus (Blausen Medical Communications)
- Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Instrumentation_Surgery_Posterior.png
- Original asset: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Instrumentation_Surgery_Posterior.png
- License: CC BY-SA 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
- Dimensions: 768 × 1024
- Changes: Converted to lossless WebP; no changes to visible content.
- Attribution: Instrumentation Surgery Posterior.png — BruceBlaus (Blausen Medical Communications); CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Publication: Blausen.com staff (2014), Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014, WikiJournal of Medicine 1(2), DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2014.010.
- Surgery pages: minimally-invasive-fusion

## Blausen 0250 CompressionFracture Vertebrae.png

- Local file: `compression-fracture.webp`
- Creator: BruceBlaus (Blausen Medical Communications), modified by Mikael Häggström, MD
- Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0250_CompressionFracture_Vertebrae.png
- Original asset: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Blausen_0250_CompressionFracture_Vertebrae.png
- License: CC BY 3.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- Dimensions: 400 × 533
- Changes: Converted to lossless WebP; no changes to visible content.
- Attribution: Blausen 0250 CompressionFracture Vertebrae.png — BruceBlaus (Blausen Medical Communications), modified by Mikael Häggström, MD; CC BY 3.0.
- Publication: Blausen.com staff (2014), Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014, WikiJournal of Medicine 1(2), DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2014.010.
- Surgery pages: spinal-decompression-stabilisation

## Figure 2: Balloon kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fracture

- Local file: `kyphoplasty-radiograph.jpg`
- Creator: Rei Momomura / The Juntendo Medical Society
- Source: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmj/68/1/68_JMJ21-0025-R/_article/-char/en
- Original asset: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Balloon_kyphoplasty_for_osteoporotic_vertebral_fracture.jpg
- License: CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Dimensions: 913 × 494
- Changes: None; original JPEG bytes retained.
- Attribution: Figure 2: Balloon kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fracture — Rei Momomura / The Juntendo Medical Society; CC BY 4.0.
- Publication: Momomura R (2022). Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: Breaking the Chain of Osteoporotic Fractures to Increase Healthy Life Expectancy. Juntendo Medical Journal 68(1):31–35. DOI: 10.14789/jmj.JMJ21-0025-R. Figure 2.
- Copyright notice: © 2022 The Juntendo Medical Society.
- Surgery pages: kyphoplasty

## 725 Lumbar Vertebrae.jpg

- Local file: `lumbar-vertebra-anatomy.webp`
- Creator: OpenStax College
- Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:725_Lumbar_Vertebrae.jpg
- Original asset: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/725_Lumbar_Vertebrae.jpg
- License: CC BY 3.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- Dimensions: 638 × 588
- Changes: Converted to lossless WebP; no changes to visible content.
- Attribution: 725 Lumbar Vertebrae.jpg — OpenStax College; CC BY 3.0.
- Surgery pages: laminectomy-decompression